This is manifested in proton decay, as decay only involves the quarks and gluon. The proton has a strong force and a weak force that are the same as those that act on quarks, but the weak force acts on the electron and positron, and therefore the weak force on a proton differs in magnitude from the weak force on a quark. Protons have a mass of approximately 1.7 million times that of a neutron. Protons are negatively charged because their quarks are charged negatively. The proton has a negative electric charge, but no net charge. Protons are a fermionic bound state of a down quark and an up quark (along with a gluon). The proton-neutron nucleus has a half-integer spin. The nucleon can also be said to have a weak charge (with the proton's weak charge being approximately 2.3 times greater than the neutron's). In addition to the three valence quarks that characterize the nucleon, it also has three sea quarks (i.e., a gluon) and three valence gluons. As each of these charges is compensated for by the other, there are no net electric charges within a nucleon. This is not true for all nuclei, however, as the mass of the nucleus is determined by the number of protons and neutrons within it.Īll of the elementary particles that make up the nucleon have a charge. The proton and neutron form a nucleus, which has more mass than either nucleon alone.įor a given nucleus, the mass of a nucleon is usually much smaller than the mass of a nucleus. A nucleon contains three valence quarks and gluons. The nucleon contains the proton, and the neutron has a very similar structure. The nucleon, nucleus, or proton-neutron nucleus is a fermionic bound state composed of a neutron and a proton (or a proton and a neutron). Thus, neutrons are much less affected by gravity than protons, and hence, can be contained in small containers such as those made of graphite, beryllium, or lead. Unlike protons, neutrons have no strong interactions, except through gravity. The neutron has an electric charge of zero. As with the proton, a neutron's mass is approximately four hundred times greater than an electron's mass. When an electron interacts with an antineutrino via a weak force, a new type of neutrino is produced. The proton has an electric charge of a one-half unit of the charge of the electron.Įlectron neutrinos are produced in nuclear interactions, mainly beta decay, and also as a byproduct of solar flares and other natural nuclear reactions. The proton is composed of three quarks and gluons.Ī proton's mass is four hundred times greater than an electron's mass the proton weighs about while the electron weighs. Each particle is composed of three parts: a particle with a negative charge, called the electron, called a negatively charged fermion, and an electromagnetic field with a magnetic field and an electric field called the electromagnetic field. The larger the spherical shell, the higher will be the energy contained in the electron.Įlectrons are charged elementary particles. It can either be free or bound to the nucleus of an atom.Įlectrons in atoms exist in spherical balls or various radii, representing the energy levels. An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle. The electron was first discovered by the English physicist Joseph John Thomson in 1897. The electron is an elementary particle that plays a vital role in the branches of science and everyday life. Since they have the same charge but opposite electric and magnetic moments, they are also mutually antipodal. They are opposites of each other (charge is the same, but the particles have opposite electric charges), and have opposite electric and magnetic moments. The positron has the same magnetic moment as an electron, but the positron is a much heavier, slower particle. Each particle has the same rest mass as the electron, although the combined mass of a positron and an electron is much greater because the masses of the electron and the positron are one half of the mass of an electron. One of the two particles is called a positron or positron-electron the other is called an electron antineutrino or antielectron. Positron is also known as the positive electron, it is a positively charged subatomic particle having the same or equal mass and magnitude of charge as the electron and creates the antiparticle of a negative electron. When a positron collides with electron annihilation, it results in the production of two or more gamma-ray photons. A positron has the equal or same mass as an electron and a spin of 1/2, but it has an electrical charge of +1. A positron or antielectron is the antimatter counterpart to an electron.
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